Page 16 - ΚΛΕΙΔΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΗΣ Ελληνο-αγγλική

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The subject can be identified by asking
ποιος (who) or τι (what) the sentence is
about. The direct object usually answers
the question ποιον (who) or τι (what) when
posed in relation to the verb.
Some languages express the grammatical
relations between the sentence constituents
by placing them in specific positions, i.e.
S – V – O. English is such a language. In
English, the subject (S) comes before the
verb in affirmative sentences and the object
(O) follows the verb.
Other languages, like Greek, express
grammatical relations through their system
of inflection. One aspect of this system
is the endings. Endings on noun phrases
express gender, number and case. In
addition to the endings, articles placed
before the noun also denote the same
grammatical properties. The whole noun
phrase (the article and the ending of the
nouns) differentiates between the subject,
which always comes in the nominative case,
and the object. The direct object usually
appears in the accusative case.
Ο Σαχίνης βρήκε τον κατάσκοπο
O Σαχίνης
Τον κατάσκοπο
βρήκε
Ο Σαχίνης τον κατάσκοπο
subject object
nominative accusative
A. Πτώσεις και συντακτικές λειτουργίες
(Cases and syntactic functions)
Συντακτικές λειτουργίες
(Syntactic functions) 2
Ποιoς βρήκε τον κατάσκοπο;
Ποιον βρήκε ο Σαχίνης;