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In addition to time reference, verbs and
verb phrases can also express modality:
• certainty
• willingness
• wish
• necessity
• possibility/ probability
• counter factuality
Τhese modalities can be expressed either by
grammatically distinct verb forms (mood)
or by modal expressions (πρέπει, μπορεί,
ίσως etc.). Greek has three formally
distinct moods: indicative (Οριστική),
subjunctive (Υποτακτική), imperative
(Προστακτική). The opposition between
the forms of indicative (cf. tenses) and
those of imperative is indicated mainly by
the difference in endings. Subjunctives on
the other hand are periphrastic, i.e. the verb
is preceded by particles (usually να, ας).
A. Προστακτική (Imperative)
The verb form used both in English and
Greek to give commands is called imperative
(Προστακτική). In Greek the imperative is
expressed by special verb endings, which
can be used to form the imperative.
Ο Σαχίνης κοιμάται αργά κάθε βράδυ
Η Αγκάθα θέλει να ταξιδέψει σε όλο τον
κόσμο
Ο Λάκης πρέπει να αδυνατίσει
Ο Σαχίνης δεν είναι εδώ αυτή τη στιγμή
αλλά μπορεί να γυρίσει/μάλλον θα γυρίσει
σύντομα
Η Κλειώ δε θα παντρευόταν
ποτέ τον Σαχίνη
Πρόσεχε τα λόγια σου!
Βγες από το μπάνιο!
Έγκλιση και Τροπικότητα
(Mood and Modality)
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